TOPICS
FIRST SEMESTER
1. COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES
This chart lists many of the countries or nations in the world, with the following information:
- Name of country
- Adjective used for that country (also describes nationality)
- Noun used for a person from that country
Look at these example sentences:
She comes from France. She is French. Her nationality is French. She is a Frenchwoman. She drives a French car. She speaks French.
Country |
Adjective |
Person |
Afghanistan |
Afghan |
an Afghan |
Albania |
Albanian |
an Albanian |
Algeria |
Algerian |
an Algerian |
Andorra |
Andorran |
an Andorran |
Angola |
Angolan |
an Angolan |
Argentina |
Argentinian |
an Argentinian |
Armenia |
Armenian |
an Armenian |
Australia |
Australian |
an Australian |
Austria |
Austrian |
an Austrian |
Azerbaijan |
Azerbaijani |
an Azerbaijani |
Bahamas |
Bahamian |
a Bahamian |
Bahrain |
Bahraini |
a Bahraini |
Bangladesh |
Bangladeshi |
a Bangladeshi |
Barbados |
Barbadian |
a Barbadian |
Belarus |
Belarusian or Belarusan |
a Belarusian or a Belarusan |
Belgium |
Belgian |
a Belgian |
Belize |
Belizean |
a Belizean |
Benin |
Beninese |
a Beninese |
Bhutan |
Bhutanese |
a Bhutanese |
Bolivia |
Bolivian |
a Bolivian |
Bosnia-Herzegovina |
Bosnian |
a Bosnian |
Botswana |
Botswanan |
a Tswana |
Brazil |
Brazilian |
a Brazilian |
Britain |
British |
a Briton |
Brunei |
Bruneian |
a Bruneian |
Bulgaria |
Bulgarian |
a Bulgarian |
Burkina |
Burkinese |
a Burkinese |
Burma (official nameMyanmar) |
Burmese |
a Burmese |
Burundi |
Burundian |
a Burundian |
Cambodia |
Cambodian |
a Cambodian |
Cameroon |
Cameroonian |
a Cameroonian |
Canada |
Canadian |
a Canadian |
Cape Verde Islands |
Cape Verdean |
a Cape Verdean |
Chad |
Chadian |
a Chadian |
Chile |
Chilean |
a Chilean |
China |
Chinese |
a Chinese |
Colombia |
Colombian |
a Colombian |
Congo |
Congolese |
a Congolese |
Costa Rica |
Costa Rican |
a Costa Rican |
Croatia |
Croat or Croatian |
a Croat or a Croatian |
Cuba |
Cuban |
a Cuban |
Cyprus |
Cypriot |
a Cypriot |
Czech Republic |
Czech |
a Czech |
Denmark |
Danish |
a Dane |
Djibouti |
Djiboutian |
a Djiboutian |
Dominica |
Dominican |
a Dominican |
Dominican Republic |
Dominican |
a Dominican |
Ecuador |
Ecuadorean |
an Ecuadorean |
Egypt |
Egyptian |
an Egyptian |
El Salvador |
Salvadorean |
a Salvadorean |
England |
English |
an Englishman, an Englishwoman |
Eritrea |
Eritrean |
an Eritrean |
Estonia |
Estonian |
an Estonian |
Ethiopia |
Ethiopian |
an Ethiopian |
Fiji |
Fijian |
a Fijian |
Finland |
Finnish |
a Finn |
France |
French |
a Frenchman, a Frenchwoman |
Gabon |
Gabonese |
a Gabonese |
Gambia, the |
Gambian |
a Gambian |
Georgia |
Georgian |
a Georgian |
Germany |
German |
a German |
Ghana |
Ghanaian |
a Ghanaian |
Greece |
Greek |
a Greek |
Grenada |
Grenadian |
a Grenadian |
Guatemala |
Guatemalan |
a Guatemalan |
Guinea |
Guinean |
a Guinean |
Guyana |
Guyanese |
a Guyanese |
Haiti |
Haitian |
a Haitian |
Holland (also Netherlands) |
Dutch |
a Dutchman, a Dutchwoman |
Honduras |
Honduran |
a Honduran |
Hungary |
Hungarian |
a Hungarian |
Iceland |
Icelandic |
an Icelander |
India |
Indian |
an Indian |
Indonesia |
Indonesian |
an Indonesian |
Iran |
Iranian |
an Iranian |
Iraq |
Iraqi |
an Iraqi |
Ireland, Republic of |
Irish |
an Irishman, an Irishwoman |
Italy |
Italian |
an Italian |
Jamaica |
Jamaican |
a Jamaican |
Japan |
Japanese |
a Japanese |
Jordan |
Jordanian |
a Jordanian |
Kazakhstan |
Kazakh |
a Kazakh |
Kenya |
Kenyan |
a Kenyan |
Kuwait |
Kuwaiti |
a Kuwaiti |
Laos |
Laotian |
a Laotian |
Latvia |
Latvian |
a Latvian |
Lebanon |
Lebanese |
a Lebanese |
Liberia |
Liberian |
a Liberian |
Libya |
Libyan |
a Libyan |
Liechtenstein |
- |
a Liechtensteiner |
Lithuania |
Lithuanian |
a Lithuanian |
Luxembourg |
- |
a Luxembourger |
Macedonia |
Macedonian |
a Macedonian |
Madagascar |
Malagasy or Madagascan |
a Malagasy or a Madagascan |
Malawi |
Malawian |
a Malawian |
Malaysia |
Malaysian |
a Malaysian |
Maldives |
Maldivian |
a Maldivian |
Mali |
Malian |
a Malian |
Malta |
Maltese |
a Maltese |
Mauritania |
Mauritanian |
a Mauritanian |
Mauritius |
Mauritian |
a Mauritian |
Mexico |
Mexican |
a Mexican |
Moldova |
Moldovan |
a Moldovan |
Monaco |
Monégasque or Monacan |
a Monégasque or a Monacan |
Mongolia |
Mongolian |
a Mongolian |
Montenegro |
Montenegrin |
a Montenegrin |
Morocco |
Moroccan |
a Moroccan |
Mozambique |
Mozambican |
a Mozambican |
Myanmar see Burma |
- |
- |
Namibia |
Namibian |
a Namibian |
Nepal |
Nepalese |
a Nepalese |
Netherlands, the (seeHolland) |
Dutch |
a Dutchman, a Dutchwoman, or a Netherlander |
New Zealand |
New Zealand (used attributively only, as in New Zealand butter but not He is New Zealand) |
a New Zealander |
Nicaragua |
Nicaraguan |
a Nicaraguan |
Niger |
Nigerien |
a Nigerien |
Nigeria |
Nigerian |
a Nigerian |
North Korea |
North Korean |
a North Korean |
Norway |
Norwegian |
a Norwegian |
Oman |
Omani |
an Omani |
Pakistan |
Pakistani |
a Pakistani |
Panama |
Panamanian |
a Panamanian |
Papua New Guinea |
Papua New Guinean orGuinean |
a Papua New Guinean or a Guinean |
Paraguay |
Paraguayan |
a Paraguayan |
Peru |
Peruvian |
a Peruvian |
the Philippines |
Philippine |
a Filipino |
Poland |
Polish |
a Pole |
Portugal |
Portuguese |
a Portuguese |
Qatar |
Qatari |
a Qatari |
Romania |
Romanian |
a Romanian |
Russia |
Russian |
a Russian |
Rwanda |
Rwandan |
a Rwandan |
Saudi Arabia |
Saudi Arabian or Saudi |
a Saudi Arabian or a Saudi |
Scotland |
Scottish |
a Scot |
Senegal |
Senegalese |
a Senegalese |
Serbia |
Serb or Serbian |
a Serb or a Serbian |
Seychelles, the |
Seychellois |
a Seychellois |
Sierra Leone |
Sierra Leonian |
a Sierra Leonian |
Singapore |
Singaporean |
a Singaporean |
Slovakia |
Slovak |
a Slovak |
Slovenia |
Slovene or Slovenian |
a Slovene or a Slovenian |
Solomon Islands |
- |
a Solomon Islander |
Somalia |
Somali |
a Somali |
South Africa |
South African |
a South African |
South Korea |
South Korean |
a South Korean |
Spain |
Spanish |
a Spaniard |
Sri Lanka |
Sri Lankan |
a Sri Lankan |
Sudan |
Sudanese |
a Sudanese |
Suriname |
Surinamese |
a Surinamer or a Surinamese |
Swaziland |
Swazi |
a Swazi |
Sweden |
Swedish |
a Swede |
Switzerland |
Swiss |
a Swiss |
Syria |
Syrian |
a Syrian |
Taiwan |
Taiwanese |
a Taiwanese |
Tajikistan |
Tajik or Tadjik |
a Tajik or a Tadjik |
Tanzania |
Tanzanian |
a Tanzanian |
Thailand |
Thai |
a Thai |
Togo |
Togolese |
a Togolese |
Trinidad and Tobago |
Trinidadian
Tobagan/Tobagonian |
a Trinidadian
a Tobagan/Tobagonian |
Tunisia |
Tunisian |
a Tunisian |
Turkey |
Turkish |
a Turk |
Turkmenistan |
Turkmen or Turkoman |
a Turkmen or a Turkoman |
Tuvalu |
Tuvaluan |
a Tuvaluan |
Uganda |
Ugandan |
a Ugandan |
Ukraine |
Ukrainian |
a Ukrainian |
United Arab Emirates (UAE) |
UAE or Emirates (used attributively only, as in UAE buildings, Emirates holidaysbut not He is UAE, I am Emirates) or Emirati |
an Emirati |
United Kingdom (UK) |
UK (used attributively only, as in UK time but not He is UK) or British |
a Briton |
United States of America (USA) |
US (used attributively only, as in US aggression but notHe is US) |
a US citizen |
Uruguay |
Uruguayan |
a Uruguayan |
Uzbekistan |
Uzbek |
an Uzbek |
Vanuatu |
Vanuatuan |
a Vanuatuan |
Vatican City |
- |
- |
Venezuela |
Venezuelan |
a Venezuelan |
Vietnam |
Vietnamese |
a Vietnamese |
Wales |
Welsh |
a Welshman, a Welshwoman |
Western Samoa |
Western Samoan |
a Western Samoan |
Yemen |
Yemeni |
a Yemeni |
Yugoslavia |
Yugoslav |
a Yugoslav |
Zaire |
Zaïrean |
a Zaïrean |
Zambia |
Zambian |
a Zambian |
Zimbabwe |
Zimbabwean |
a Zimbabwean |
2. CARDINAL NUMBERS
Del 1 AL 12
one (1), two (2), three (3), four (4), five (5), six (6), seven (7), eight (8), nine (9), ten(10), eleven (11), twelve (12)
Del 13 al 19
La terminación es "-teen" que suena como "tin" en español.
thirteen (13), fourteen (14), fifteen (15), sixteen (16), seventeen (17), eighteen (18)nineteen (19)
20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90
La terminación es "-ty" y suena como "ti" en español.
twenty (20), thirty (30), forty (40), fifty (50), sixty (60), seventy (70), eighty (80), ninety(90)
Para formar decenas se añade un guión después de la decenas y el número.
twenty-one (21), thirty-two (32), forty-three (43), fifty-four (54), sixty-five (65),seventy-six (76), eighty-seven (87), ninety-eight (98)
Para formar centenas:
a/one hundred (100), two hundred (200), three hundred (300)...
Para unir las centenas con las decenas se unirán con el "and".
two hundred and fifty-five (255), six hundred and forty-eight (648)...
Para los millares:
a/one thousand (1,000), two thousand (2,000), ten thousand (10,000)...
Para los millones:
a/one million (1,000,000), two million (2,000,000), three million (3,000,000)...
- Ejemplos:
-
Play
a/one hundred and two (102)
-
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three hundred and twelve (312)
-
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five thousand and ten (5,010)
-
Play
two million five hundred thousand / two and a half million (2,500,000)
-
Play
six thousand two hundred and seventy-nine ( 6,279)
-
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two thousand two hundred and twenty-two (2,222)
-
Play
three thousand three hundred and thirty-three (3,333)
3. ORDINAL NUMBERS
From 1 through 1,000,000
1 |
st |
first |
11 |
th |
eleventh |
21 |
st |
twenty-first |
31 |
st |
thirty-first |
2 |
nd |
second |
12 |
th |
twelfth |
22 |
nd |
twenty-second |
40 |
th |
fortieth |
3 |
rd |
third |
13 |
th |
thirteenth |
23 |
rd |
twenty-third |
50 |
th |
fiftieth |
4 |
th |
fourth |
14 |
th |
fourteenth |
24 |
th |
twenty-fourth |
60 |
th |
sixtieth |
5 |
th |
fifth |
15 |
th |
fifteenth |
25 |
th |
twenty-fifth |
70 |
th |
seventieth |
6 |
th |
sixth |
16 |
th |
sixteenth |
26 |
th |
twenty-sixth |
80 |
th |
eightieth |
7 |
th |
seventh |
17 |
th |
seventeenth |
27 |
th |
twenty-seventh |
90 |
th |
ninetieth |
8 |
th |
eighth |
18 |
th |
eighteenth |
28 |
th |
twenty-eighth |
100 |
th |
one hundredth |
9 |
th |
ninth |
19 |
th |
nineteenth |
29 |
th |
twenty-ninth |
1,000 |
th |
one thousandth |
10 |
th |
tenth |
20 |
th |
twentieth |
30 |
th |
thirtieth |
1,000,000 |
th |
one millionth |
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Form:
Spelling of Ordinal Numbers
Just add th to the cardinal number:
- four - fourth
- eleven - eleventh
Exceptions:
- one - first
- two - second
- three - third
- five - fifth
- eight - eighth
- nine - ninth
- twelve - twelfth
In compound ordinal numbers, note that only the last figure is written as an ordinal number:
- 421st = four hundred and twenty-first
- 5,111th = five thousand, one hundred and eleventh
Figures
When expressed as figures, the last two letters of the written word are added to the ordinal number:
- first = 1st
- second = 2nd
- third = 3rd
- fourth = 4th
- twenty-sixth = 26th
- hundred and first = 101st
4. MONTHS OF THE YEAR
The days column shows the number of days in the month. All months have 30 or 31 days, except for February which has 28 days (29 in a leap year).
|
Month |
Short Form |
Days |
Season |
1 |
January/Enero |
Jan. |
31 |
Winter |
2 |
February/Febrero |
Feb. |
28/29 |
3 |
March/Marzo |
Mar. |
31 |
Spring |
4 |
April/Abril |
Apr. |
30 |
5 |
May/Mayo |
May |
31 |
6 |
June/Junio |
Jun. |
30 |
Summer |
7 |
July/Julio |
Jul. |
31 |
8 |
August/Agosto |
Aug. |
31 |
9 |
September/Septiembre |
Sep. |
30 |
Autumn |
10 |
October/Octubre |
Oct. |
31 |
11 |
November/Noviembre |
Nov. |
30 |
12 |
December/Diciembre |
Dec. |
31 |
Winter |
The seasons are approximate and depend on latitude. Some parts of the world have only three seasons. The seasons shown here are for the North Temperate Zone (for example North America). In the southern hemisphere, the seasons are reversed.
5. DAYS OF THE WEEK
Monday - Lunes
Tuesday - Martes
Wednesday - Miércoles
Thursday - Jueves
Friday - Viernes
Saturday - Sábado
Sunday - Domingo
Ejemplos:
- ¿Qué día es hoy?
What day is today?
Hoy es lunes.
Today is Monday.
Mañana es martes.
Tomorrow is Tuesday.
- When used with the days of the week, the definite article has the special meaning "on."
No trabajo el lunes.
I don't work on Monday.
No trabajo los martes.
I don't work on Tuesdays.
Hay una fiesta el miércoles.
There is a party on Wednesday.
Hay muchas fiestas los viernes.
There are many parties on Fridays.
6. GREETINGS AND FAREWELLS
- Greetings/Saludos
Good morning. - Buenos días.
Good afternoon. - Buenas tardes.
Good evening. - Buenas noches.
Hello. (más formal), Hi. (menos formal), Hey. (muy informal) - Hola.
Hey! - ¡Oye!/¡Oiga!/¡Oigan!/¡Oíd! (aquí no es saludo sino una forma de atraer la atención de alguien)
How's it going? - ¿Qué tal?/¿Cómo te va? (o más informalmente What’s up?)
How are you? - ¿Cómo estás?/¿Cómo está Ud.?
How are you doing? - ¿Cómo vas? ¿Cómo estas?
- Farewells/Despedidas
Good-bye./Bye. - Adiós.
Bye/Bye-Bye. - Chao/Adios.
Good night. - Buenas noches.
See you later. - Hasta luego./Nos vemos. (o I’ll see you later., etc.)
See you tomorrow. - Hasta mañana.
See you soon. - Hasta pronto.
See you then. - Hasta entonces.
Take care. - Cuídate./Cuídese./Cuidaos./Cuídense.
7. WH- QUESTIONS(PERSONAL INFORMATION)
WH questions ask for information. They are different than Yes/No questions.
There are 6 different WH question words:
Question |
Answer |
Example |
What |
Thing |
What is that? |
When |
Time |
When is the game? |
Who |
Person |
Who do you live with? |
Where |
Place |
Where do you live? |
Why |
Reason |
Why are you happy? |
How |
Directions/Feelings |
How are you? |
STRUCTURE
WH questions in simple present use “do” or “be”:
WH Questions with "do"
WH + DO/DOES + SUBJECT + VERB
- Examples:
Where do you work?
Where does she live?
When do you wake up?
WH Questions with "be"
WH + BE + SUBJECT
- Examples:
Where are you from?
Who is that man?
When is your class?
- Examples with Personal Information:
What's your name? - My name is Maria.
What's your last name? - Restrepo.
How old are you? - Im 19 years old.
Where are you from? - Im from Argentina.
What languages do you speak? - I speak Spanish and English.
Who do you live with? - I live with my parents and my sister.
Which books are your favorite? - My favorite books are: "Twelfth Night" and "The Alchemist"
What are your interests? - I enjoy listening to music, going out with my friends and traveling.
8. TO BE IN PRESENT
Verbo "ser - estar" en presente:
POSITIVE - AFIRMATIVO
ENGLISH
|
|
ESPAÑOL
|
Normal
|
Contracted
|
|
Normal
|
Contracción
|
I am
|
I'm
|
|
Yo soy, estoy
|
Soy, Estoy
|
You are
|
You're
|
|
Tú eres, estás
|
Eres, Estás
|
He is
|
He's
|
|
El es, está
|
Es, Está (para El)
|
She is
|
She's
|
|
Ella es, está
|
Es, Está (para Ella)
|
It is
|
It's
|
|
El/Ella es, está
|
Es, Está (para El o Ella)
|
We are
|
We're
|
|
Nosotros/as somos, estamos
|
Somos, Estamos
|
You are
|
You're
|
|
Vosotros sóis/estáis (*)
Ustedes son/están (**)
|
Sóis/Estáis (*)
Son/Están (**)
|
They are
|
They're
|
|
Ellos/as son, están
|
Son, Están (para Ellos o Ellas)
|
(*) más utilizado en España; (**) más utilizado en América Latina.
NEGATIVE - NEGATIVO
ENGLISH
|
|
ESPAÑOL
|
Normal
|
Contracted
|
|
Normal
|
Contracción
|
I am not
|
I'm not
|
|
Yo no soy/estoy
|
No soy/estoy
|
You are not
|
You're not
You aren't
|
|
Tú no eres/estás
|
No eres/estás
|
He is not
|
He's not
He isn't
|
|
El no es/está
|
No es/está
(para El)
|
She is not
|
She's not
She isn't
|
|
Ella no es/está
|
No es/está
(para Ella)
|
It is not
|
It's not
It isn't
|
|
El/Ella no es/está
|
No es/está
(para El o Ella)
|
We are not
|
We're not
We aren't
|
|
Nosotros/as no somos
Nosotros/as no estamos
|
No somos
No estamos
|
You are not
|
You're not
You aren't
|
|
Vosotros no sóis/estáis (*)
Ustedes no son/están (**)
|
No sóis/estáis (*)
No son/están (**)
|
They are not
|
They're not
They aren't
|
|
Ellos/as no son/están
|
No son/están
(para Ellos o Ellas)
|
INTERROGATIVE- INTERROGATIVO
ENGLISH
|
|
ESPAÑOL
|
Normal
|
Contracted
|
|
Normal
|
Contracción
|
Am I?
|
-
|
|
¿Soy/Estoy yo?
|
¿Soy/Estoy?
|
Are you?
|
-
|
|
¿Eres/Estás tú?
|
¿Eres/Estás?
|
Is he?
|
-
|
|
¿Es/Está él?
|
¿Es/Está? (El)
|
Is she?
|
-
|
|
¿Es/Está ella?
|
¿Es/Está? (Ella)
|
Is it?
|
-
|
|
¿Es/Esta él? ¿Es/Está ella?
|
¿Es/Está? (El o Ella)
|
Are we?
|
-
|
|
¿Somos/Estamos nosotros?
|
¿Somos/Estamos?
|
Are you?
|
-
|
|
¿Sóis/Estáis vosotros? (*)
¿Son/Están ustedes? (**)
|
¿Sóis/Estáis? (*)
¿Son/Están? (**)
|
Are they?
|
-
|
|
¿Son/Están ellos/as?
|
¿Son/Están? (Ellos o Ellas)
|
9. DAILY ACTIVITIES AND ROUTINES
me levanto...
|
-
|
I get up...
|
...a las ocho/nueve
|
-
|
...at eight/nine
|
...a las siete y media
|
-
|
...at seven thirty
|
...temprano/tarde
|
-
|
...early/late
|
me ducho
|
-
|
I take a shower
|
desayuno
|
-
|
I have breakfast
|
desayuno cereales
|
-
|
I have cereal for breakfast
|
me visto
|
-
|
I get dressed
|
me pongo la ropa
|
-
|
I put my clothes on
|
me preparo para la escuela/el trabajo
|
-
|
I get ready for school/work
|
voy (a la escuela) en autobús
|
-
|
I get the bus (to school)
|
tomo el metro
|
-
|
I catch the metro (=subway/underground)
|
llego a la escuela/oficina a las nueve
|
-
|
I get to school/to the office at 9 o'clock
|
Almuerzo a las doce/a la una
|
-
|
I have lunch at twelve/one o'clock
|
llego a mi casa a las cinco de la tarde
|
-
|
I get home at five in the evening
|
hago mi tarea
|
-
|
I do my homework
|
preparo la cena
|
-
|
I get dinner/supper ready
|
ceno/cenamos
|
-
|
I/we have dinner
|
ayudo a mis papás
|
-
|
I help my mum and dad
|
veo la tele/las noticias
|
-
|
I watch TV/the news
|
me relajo
|
-
|
I relax
|
salgo con mis amigos
|
-
|
I go out with my friends
|
me acuesto
|
-
|
I go to bed
|
10. SIMPLE PRESENT
El Presente Simple es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para describir acciones habituales que suceden con cierta frecuencia y no hace referencia a si está ocurriendo en el momento actual.

En el cuadro superior se ha tomado como ejemplo el verbo PLAY (jugar). Observe que en el modo afirmativo, en la 3º persona del singular, se le añade una “S” al verbo.
11. PHYSICAL APPEARANCE OR DESCRIPTION
Se utiliza para describir el aspecto físico de las personas
- APPEARANCE: ASPECTO
- ATTRACTIVE: ATRACTIVO
- AVERAGE BUILD: DE CONSTITUCIÓN MEDIA
- BALD: CALVO
- BEARD: BARBA
- BEAUTIFUL: GUAPA, GUAPO
- BEAUTIFUL: HERMOSO
- BIRTHMARK: MARCA DE NACIMIENTO
- BLACK HAIR: CABELLO NEGRO
- BLOND, FAIR: RUBIO
- BLOND, FAIR HAIR: CABELLO RUBIO
- BRACES: APARATO DE ORTODONCIA
- BRAID: TRENZA
- BROWN HAIR: CABELLO CASTAÑO
- BURNED: QUEMADO
- CURLY HAIR: CABELLO RIZADO
- DARK: MORENO, OSCURO
- DARK HAIR: CABELLO OSCURO
- DISABLED: MINUSVALIDO, DESCAPACITADO
- ELEGANT, SMART: ELEGANTE
- FAT: GORDO
- FRECKLES: PECAS
- GOOD-LOOKING: GUAPO
- GREY HAIR: CABELLO CANOSO
- HAIR: PELO
- HANDSOME: GUAPO, (SOLO PARA HOMBRES)
- HANDSOME: APUESTO, GUAPO
- INTELLIGENT: INTELIGENTE
- LAME: COJO
- LIGHT HAIR: CABELLO CLARO
- LONG HAIR: CABELLO LARGO
- MAIMED: MUTILADO
- MEDIUM HEIGHT: DE ESTATURA MEDIA
- MOLE: LUNAR
- MOUSTACHE: BIGOTE
- MUSCULAR: MUSCULOSO
- OBESE: OBESO
- OLD: VIEJO
- ONE-EYED: TUERTO, OJITUERTO
- OVERWEIGHT: CON SOBREPESO
- PALE: PÁLIDO
- PLAIN, UNATTRACTIVE: POCO ATRACTIVO
- PLUMP: REGORDETE
- PRETTY: BONITA
- RECEDING HAIR: CON ENTRADAS
- REDHEAD: PELIRROJO
- SCAR: CICATRIZ
- SCRUFFY, UNTIDY-LOOKING: DESALIÑADO
- SHORT: BAJO
- SHORT HAIR: CABELLO CORTO
- SIDEBOARDS: PATILLAS
- SKINNY, THIN: FLACO
- SLENDER: ESBELTO
- SLIM, THIN: DELGADO
- SQUINT: ESTRABISMO, BIZCO
- STOCKY, STOUT: CORPULENTO
- STRAIGHT HAIR: CABELLO LACIO
- TALL: ALTO
- TANNED: BRONCEADO
- TATTOO: TATUAJE
- TINY: PEQUEÑO
- UGLY: FEO
- WART: VERRUGA
- WELL-BUILT: FORNIDO
- WELL-DRESSED: BIEN VESTIDO
- WHITE HAIR: CANAS
- WRINKLE: ARRUGA
- YOUNG: JOVEN
12. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
El Present Progressive o Continuous se utiliza en inglés para hablar de situaciones en curso, que han empezado pero aun no han llegado a su fin: It’s raining (Está lloviendo). Esta forma verbal se utiliza a menudo para describir situaciones que tenemos delante de nuestros ojos o que sabemos que se están desarollando mientras hablamos. Por lo tanto, muy amenudo el Present Progressive está acompañado por adverbios o expresiones adverbiales como now, at the moment, at present, currently etc.
Formas del Present Progressive o Continuous:
1. Forma afirmativa
El Present Progressive o Continuous es una forma verbal compuesta por el auxiliar TO BE, conjugado en función del sujeto de la frase, y por la la forma de participio presente del verbo principal (V+ing).
I am reading the newspaper.
He is having a shower.
We are playing tennis.
2. Forma interrogativa
Dado que el Present Progressive contiene el verbo TO BE como auxiliar, la forma interrogativa se obtiene invirtiendo el órden del auxiliar y del sujeto:
Are you reading the newspaper?
Is he having a shower?
Are they playing tennins?
3. Forma negativa
La forma negativa del Present Progressive consiste en la forma negativa del verbo TO BE acompañada por el participio presente del verbo principal:
I’m not reading the newspaper.
He isn’t having a shower.
We aren’t playing tennis.
Importante
El Present Progressive o Continuous es una forma verbal compuesta, por lo tanto los dos elementos (el auxiliar y el participio presente) son obligatorios. Una frase como *I reading the newspaper es incorrecta.
13. THE WEATHER
Some adjectives used to describe the weather:
a. Sunny...........Soleado
b. Cloudy...........Nublado
c. Windy............Ventoso
d. Clear.............Despejado/claro
e. Stormy............Tempestuoso
f. Rainy...............Lluvioso
g. Foggy.............Nebuloso
h. Snowy............Nevoso/ nevando
Some adjectives used to describe the temperature:
i. Freezing.........Congelado
j. Cold...............Frío
k. Chilly...............Frío(un poco más moderado)
j. Warm..............cálido
k. Hot.................Caliente
EXAMPLES:
SECOND SEMESTER
1. THE FAMILY
aunt (ant) - tía
brother (bróder) - hermano
brother-in-law (bróder in ló) - cuñado
children (children) - hijos
cousin (kósin) - primo/a
dad, daddy (dád, dádi) - papi, papito
daughter (dóter) - hija
daughter-in-law (dóter in ló) - nuera
father (fáder) - padre
father-in-law (fáder in ló) - suegro
first-born (férst-bórn) - primogénito
goddaughter (god dóter) - ahijada
godfather (god fáder) - padrino
godmother (god máder) - madrina
godson (gód son) - ahijado
grandchildren (gránd chíldren) - nietos
granddaughter (gránd dóter) - nieta
grandfather (gránd fáder) - abuelo
grandmother (gránd máder) - abuela
grandparents (gránd párents) - abuelos
grandson (gránd son) - nieto
great-grandfather (gréit gránd fáder) - bisabuelo
great-grandmother (gréit gránd máder) - bisabuela
great-grandparents (gréit- gránd párents) - bisabuelos
husband (jásband) - esposo
mom, mommy (mam, mámi) - mami, mamita
mother (máder) - madre
mother-in-law (máder in ló) - suegra
nephew (néfiu) - sobrino
niece (níis) - sobrina
only child (óunli cháild) - hijo/a único/a
orphan (órfan) - huérfano
parents (pérents) - padres
sister (síster) - hermana
sister-in-law (síster in ló) - cuñada
son (san) - hijo
son-in-law (san in ló) - yerno
stepdaughter (stép dóter) - hijastra
stepfather (stép fáder) - padrastro
stepmother (stép máder) - madrastra
stepson (stép son) - hijastro
uncle (ankl) - tío
wife (uáif) - esposa
2. PERSONALITIES
Personality is the particular combination of emotional, attitudinal, and behavioral response patterns of an individual.
Personality (positive) - Personalidad (positivo)
honest (ónest) - honesto
courageous (karéidchos) - valiente
optimistic (optimístic) - optimista
intelligent (intélidchent) - inteligente
sincere (sinsíer) - sincero
ambitious (ambíshos) - ambicioso
modest (módest) - modesto
sensible (sénsibl) - sensato
friendly (fréndli) - amistoso
practical (práktical) - práctico
considerate (consíderet) - considerado
tolerant (tólerant) - tolerante
responsible (rispónsibl) - responsable
generous (dchéneros) - generoso
patient ( péishent) - paciente
disciplined (dísciplind) - disciplinado
humorous (hiúmoros) - divertido
sympathetic (simpazéric) - comprensivo
Personality (negative) - Personalidad (negativo)
dishonest (disónest) - deshonesto
pessimistic (pesimístic) - pesimista
miserly (máiserli) - avaro
coward (káuard) - cobarde
selfish (sélfish) - egoísta
impatient (impéishent) - impaciente
lazy (léissi) - haragán
greedy (gríidi) - codicioso
resentful (riséntful) - resentido
envious (énvios) - envidioso
jealous (dchélos) - celoso
possesive (posésiv) - posesivo
conceited (consítid) - engreído
arrogant (árrogant) - arrogante
fussy (fássi) - quisquilloso
gullible (gálibl) - ingenuo
stubborn (stáborn) - terco
careless (kérles) - negligente
3. THE WEATHER
blizzard (blísard) - tormenta de nieve
breeze (bríiss) - brisa
chilly (chíli) - frío, fresquito
clear (clíir) - despejado
cloudless (cláudles) - despejado
cloudy (cláudi) - nublado
cold (cóuld) - frío
cool (cúul) - fresco
damp (dámp) - húmedo
degrees (digríis) - grados
dew (diú) - rocío
downpour (dáunpor) - aguacero
drizzle (drísl) - llovizna
drought (dráut) - sequía
dry (drái) - seco
flood (fláad) - inundación
fog (fog) - niebla
foggy (fógui) - con niebla
freezing (fríising) - helado
frost (frost) - escarcha
gale (guéil) - vendaval
hail (héil) - ganizo
hailstones (héilstóuns) - piedras de granizo
hailstorm (héilstórm) - tormenta de granizo
hot (hót) - caluroso
humid (hiúmid) - húmedo
hurricane (hérrikéin) - huracán
ice (áis) - hielo
lightning (láitning) - relámpago, rayo
mild (máild) - templado
mist (mist) - neblina
overcast (óuvercást) - encapotado, cubierto
rain (réin) - lluvia
rainbow (réinbou) - arco iris
raining (réining) - lloviendo
rainy (réini) - lluvioso
shower (sháuer) - aguacero
sky (skái) - cielo
sleet (slíit) - aguanieve, nevizca
snow (snóu) - nieve
snowing (snóuing) - nevando
storm (stórm) - tormenta
stormy (stórmi) - tormentoso
stuffy (stáfi) - sofocante
sunny (sáni) - soleado
thunder (zánder) - trueno
thunderstorm (zánder stórm) - tormenta eléctrica
tornado (tornéidou) - tornado
warm (uórm) - cálido
wet (uét) - mojado
wind (uínd) - viento
windy (uíndi) - ventoso
4. SHOULD AND SHOULDN'T
USE
- We use should and shouldn't to give advice or to talk about what we think is right or wrong.
- You should means something like I think it is a good idea for you to do it.
- You shouldn't means something like I think it is a bad idea for you to do it.
- Should is used to express the opinion of a speaker and often follows I thinkor I don't think.
Examples
You look tired. I think you should take a few days off.
Alice works very long hours. She should to talk to her boss.
- I have an English test tomorrow.
- I shouldn't worry if I were you. You have worked really hard.
- I never have enough money.
- I don't think you should go out so much.
Should - Quick Grammar Note
To give advice to someone you can also say:
- I should do it if I were you.
- I shouldn't be so rude, if I were you.
When you regret not doing something in the past, you can say:
- I shouldn't have spoken to him like that.
- I should have apologized earlier.
|
5. VERB TENSES
Sequence of Tenses
Summary:
This handout explains and describes the sequence of verb tenses in English.
Contributors:Chris Berry, Allen Brizee, Elizabeth Angeli
Last Edited: 2013-09-14 09:29:01
Strictly speaking, in English, only two tenses are marked in the verb alone, present (as in "he sings") and past (as in "he sang"). Other English language tenses, as many as thirty of them, are marked by other words called auxiliaries. Understanding the six basic tenses allows one to re-create much of the reality of time in their writing.
Simple Present: They walk
Present Perfect: They have walked
Simple Past: They walked
Past Perfect: They had walked
Future: They will walk
Future Perfect: They will have walked
Problems in sequencing tenses usually occur with the perfect tenses, all of which are formed by adding an auxiliary or auxiliaries to the past participle, the third principal part.
ring, rang, rung
walk, walked, walked
The most common auxiliaries are forms of "be," "can," "do," "may," "must," "ought," "shall," "will," "has," "have," "had," and they are the forms we shall use in this most basic discussion.
Present Perfect
The present perfect consists of a past participle (the third principal part) with "has" or "have." It designates action which began in the past but which continues into the present or the effect of which still continues.
1. Betty taught for ten years. (simple past)
2. Betty has taught for ten years. (present perfect)
The implication in (1) is that Betty has retired; in (2), that she is still teaching.
1. John did his homework. He can go to the movies.
2. If John has done his homework, he can go to the movies.
Infinitives, too, have perfect tense forms when combined with "have," and sometimes problems arise when infinitives are used with verbs such as "hope," "plan," "expect," and "intend," all of which usually point to the future (I wanted to go to the movie. Janet meant to see the doctor.) The perfect tense sets up a sequence by marking the action which began and usually was completed before the action in the main verb.
1. I am happy to have participated in this campaign!
2. John had hoped to have won the trophy.
Thus the action of the main verb points back in time; the action of the perfect infinitive has been completed.
Past Perfect
The past perfect tense designates action in the past just as simple past does, but the action of the past perfect is action completed in the past before another action.
1. John raised vegetables and later sold them. (past)
2. John sold vegetables that he had raised. (past perfect)
The vegetables were raised before they were sold.
1. Renee washed the car when George arrived (simple past)
2. Renee had washed the car when George arrived. (past perfect)
In (1), she waited until George arrived and then washed the car. In (2), she had already finished washing the car by the time he arrived.
In sentences expressing condition and result, the past perfect tense is used in the part that states the condition.
1. If I had done my exercises, I would have passed the test.
2. I think George would have been elected if he hadn't sounded so pompous.
Future Perfect
The future perfect tense designates action that will have been completed at a specified time in the future.
1. Saturday I will finish my housework. (simple future)
2. By Saturday noon, I will have finished my housework. (future perfect)
Review
1. Judy saved thirty dollars. (past)
2. Judy will save thirty dollars. (future)
3. Judy has saved thirty dollars. (present perfect)
4. Judy had saved thirty dollars by the end of last month. (past perfect)
5. Judy will have saved thirty dollars by the end of this month. (future perfect)
Notice: There can be only one "would have" action group in a sentence.
6. COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
Grades of Adjectives (Grados de adjetivos)
Los adjetivos que pueden variar en el grado o intensidad tienen formas comparativas y superlativas. En la siguiente sección, hay las reglas sobre cómo formar estas formas comparativas y superlativas.
El grado positivo
El grado positivo de los adjetivos, que hemos visto anteriormente, es la cualidad en el grado más simple.
fast, hard, smart, pretty, clean, large, small, old, easy...
- Ejemplos:
-
Play
Juan is fast. (Juan corre rápido.)
-
Play
Angela's room is clean. (La habitación de Angela está limpia.)
-
Play
I am tall. (Soy alto.)
-
Play
New York is big. (Nueva York es grande.)
El grado comparativo
Al hacer comparaciones, podemos destacar la superioridad, inferioridad o igualdad de calidad de uno u otro. La estructura de cada uno de estos grados de comparación es diferente.
- Comparativos de superioridad. En las comparaciones de superioridad, el adjetivo, que está en la forma comparativa (véase más adelante), es seguido por "than".
- Ejemplos:
-
Play
Juan is faster than Mark. (Juan corre más rápido que Mark.)
-
Play
Angela's room is cleaner than Sue's. (La habitación de Angela está más limpia que la de Sue.)
-
Play
I am taller than Beth. (Soy más alto que Beth.)
-
Play
New York is bigger than Los Angeles. (Nueva York es más grandeque Los Angeles.)
- Comparativos de inferioridad. Para formar este tipo de comparación podemos usar las conjunciones "not as...as" or "less...than". En ambos casos, el adjetivo está en el grado positivo.
- Ejemplos:
-
Play
Mark is not as fast as Juan. (Mark no corre tan rápido como Juan.)
-
Play
Sue's room is less clean than Angela's. (La habitación de Sue no es tan limpia como la de Angela.)
-
Play
Beth is not as tall as me. (Beth no es tan alta como yo.)
-
Play
Los Angeles is not as big as New York. (Los Angeles no es tan grande como Nueva York.)
- Comparativos de igualdad. Con el adjetivo en el grado positivo, utilizamos la conjunción "as...as" para formar las comparaciones de igualdad.
- Ejemplos:
-
Play
Mark is as fast as Juan. (Mark corre tan rápido como Juan.)
-
Play
Sue's room is as clean as Angela's. (La habitación de Sue es tan limpia como la de Angela.)
-
-
Play
Los Angeles is as big as New York. (Los Angeles es tan grande como Nueva York.)
Nota: Podemos modificar un comparativo con un cuantificador (much, a lot, a little...).
- Ejemplos:
-
Play
Juan is a lot faster than Mark. (Juan corre mucho más rápido que Mark.)
-
Play
I am a little taller than Beth. (Soy un poco más alta que Beth.)
El grado superlativo
El grado superlativo denota la calidad en el grado más alto y como en español, se usa "the" delante del adjetivo en la forma superlativa (véase más adelante).
- Ejemplos:
-
Play
Juan is the fastest. (Juan es el más rápido.)
-
Play
Angela'a room is the cleanest. (La habitación de Angela es la más limpia.)
-
Play
I am the tallest. (Soy el más alto.)
-
Play
New York is the biggest city in the United States. (Nueva York es la ciudad más grande de los Estados Unidos.)
Nota: Si el adjetivo es posesivo, no se usa "the". Además no se usa "the" si comparamos algo con si mismo.
- Ejemplos:
-
Play
His smartest student is Lisa. (Su estudiante más lista es Lisa.)
-
Play
New York is coldest in January. (Nueva York es más frío en enero.)
Adjetivo |
Comparativo |
Superlativo |
Español |
angry |
angrier |
angriest |
enfadado, enojado |
bad |
worse |
worst |
malo |
big |
bigger |
biggest |
grande |
bitter |
bitterer |
bitterest |
amargo, resentido, agrio |
black |
blacker |
blackest |
negro |
bland |
blander |
blandest |
soso |
bloody |
bloodier |
bloodiest |
sanguinolento |
blue |
bluer |
bluest |
deprimido |
bold |
bolder |
boldest |
audaz |
bossy |
bossier |
bossiest |
mandón |
brave |
braver |
bravest |
valiente |
brief |
briefer |
briefest |
breve |
bright |
brighter |
brightest |
brillante, luminoso |
broad |
broader |
broadest |
ancho, amplio |
busy |
busier |
busiest |
ocupado, ajetreado |
calm |
calmer |
calmest |
tranquilo |
cheap |
cheap |
cheaper |
barato |
chewy |
chewier |
chewiest |
correoso, gomoso |
chubby |
chubbier |
chubbiest |
rechoncho |
classy |
classier |
classiest |
elegante |
clean |
cleaner |
cleanest |
limpio, sano |
clear |
clear |
clearest |
claro, despejado |
clever |
cleverer |
cleverest |
listo, ingenioso |
close |
closer |
closest |
cerca |
cloudy |
cloudier |
cloudiest |
nubiado |
clumsy |
clumsier |
clumsiest |
torpe |
coarse |
coarser |
coarsest |
áspero, grosero |
cold |
colder |
coldest |
frío |
cool |
cooler |
coolest |
fresco |
crazy |
crazier |
craziest |
loco |
creamy |
creamier |
creamiest |
cremoso |
creepy |
creepier |
creepiest |
espeluznante, repugnante |
crispy |
crispier |
crispiest |
crujiente |
cruel |
crueler |
cruelest |
cruel |
crunchy |
crunchier |
crunchiest |
crujiente |
curly |
curly |
curliest |
rizado, crespo, quebrado |
curvy |
curvier |
curviest |
curvo |
cute |
cuter |
cutest |
mono |
damp |
damper |
dampest |
húmedo |
dark |
darker |
darkest |
oscuro, moreno |
deadly |
deadlier |
deadliest |
mortal, mortífero |
deep |
deeper |
deepest |
profundo |
dense |
denser |
densest |
denso |
dirty |
dirtier |
dirtiest |
sucio |
dry |
drier |
driest |
seco |
dull |
duller |
dullest |
aburrido, soso, tonto, romo |
dumb |
dumber |
dumbest |
estúpido |
dusty |
dustier |
dustiest |
polvoriento |
early |
earlier |
earliest |
pronto, temprano |
easy |
easier |
easiest |
facíl |
faint |
fainter |
faintest |
leve, tenue, vago, ligero |
fair |
fairer |
fairest |
claro, sereno, recto, justo |
fancy |
fancier |
fanciest |
lujoso |
far |
further/farther |
furthest/farthest |
lejos, distante |
fast |
faster |
fastest |
rápido |
fat |
fatter |
fattest |
gordo |
few |
fewer |
fewest |
pocos |
fierce |
fiercer |
fiercest |
fiero, encarnizado |
filthy |
filthier |
filthiest |
aaqueroso, obsceno |
fine |
finer |
finest |
fino |
firm |
firmer |
firmest |
firme, estricto |
fit |
fitter |
fittest |
apto, en forma |
flaky |
flakier |
flakiest |
desconchado |
flat |
flatter |
flattest |
llano, liso, plano |
fresh |
fresher |
freshest |
fresco, nuevo, original |
friendly |
friendlier |
friendliest |
agradable, amable, amistoso |
full |
fuller |
fullest |
lleno, completo |
funny |
funnier |
funniest |
gracioso, curioso, raro |
gentle |
gentler |
gentlest |
tierno, afectuoso, suave |
gloomy |
gloomier |
gloomiest |
oscuro, abatido, decaído |
good |
better |
best |
bueno |
grand |
grander |
grandest |
grandioso, ambicioso, impotente |
grave |
graver |
gravest |
grave |
greasy |
greasier |
greasiest |
grasiento |
great |
greater |
greatest |
grande, genial |
greedy |
greedier |
greediest |
goloso, codicioso, ávido |
gross |
grosser |
grossest |
asqueroso, grosero, craso |
guilty |
guilter |
guiltiest |
culpable |
hairy |
hairier |
hairiest |
velludo, peludo |
handy |
handier |
handiest |
práctivo, útil, habilidoso, mañoso |
happy |
happier |
happiest |
feliz, contento, alegre |
hard |
harder |
hardest |
duro, difícil |
harsh |
harsher |
harshest |
áspero, duro |
healthy |
healthier |
healthiest |
sano, saludable |
heavy |
heavier |
heaviest |
pesado, grueso, fuerte, duro |
high |
higher |
highest |
alto, elevado, agudo |
hip |
hipper |
hippest |
moderno |
hot |
hotter |
hottest |
caliente, caluroso, picante |
humble |
humbler |
humblest |
humilde |
hungry |
hungrier |
hungriest |
hambriento |
icy |
icier |
iciest |
helado, frío |
itchy |
itchier |
itchiest |
pica |
juicy |
juicier |
juiciest |
jugoso, zumoso, suculento |
kind |
kinder |
kindest |
amable, benévolo, cariñoso |
large |
larger |
largest |
grande |
late |
later |
latest |
tarde, restrasado, reciente |
lazy |
lazier |
laziest |
perezoso |
light |
lighter |
lightest |
ligero, claro |
likely |
likelier |
likeliest |
probable |
little |
littler |
littlest |
pequeño, poco |
lively |
livelier |
liveliest |
animado, vivo |
lonely |
lonlier |
lonliest |
solitario |
long |
longer |
longest |
largo |
loud |
louder |
loudest |
fuerte, alto |
lovely |
lovelier |
loveliest |
precioso, bello, lindo |
low |
lower |
lowest |
bajo |
mad |
madder |
maddest |
enfadado, enojado, loco |
mean |
meaner |
meanest |
malo, mezquino, tacaño |
messy |
messier |
messiest |
sucio, desordenado, desastroso |
mild |
milder |
mildest |
afable, suave, leve |
moist |
moister |
moistest |
húmedo |
narrow |
narrower |
narrowest |
estrecho, escaso |
nasty |
nastier |
nastiest |
asqueroso, desagradable |
naughty |
naughtier |
naughtiest |
malo, travieso, picante |
near |
nearer |
nearest |
cercano, próximo |
neat |
neater |
neatest |
ordenado, aseado, pulcro |
needy |
needier |
neediest |
necesitado |
new |
newer |
newest |
nuevo, fresco, reciente, moderno |
nice |
nicer |
nicest |
simpatico, agradable, bueno |
noisy |
noisier |
noisiest |
ruidoso, clamaroso |
odd |
odder |
oddest |
raro, extraño |
oily |
oilier |
oiliest |
grasiento, aceitoso |
old |
older/elder |
oldest/eldest |
viejo, anciano, antiguo |
plain |
plainer |
plainest |
claro, sencillo |
polite |
politer |
politest |
educado, cortés |
poor |
poorer |
poorest |
pobre |
pretty |
prettier |
prettiest |
bonito, lindo, hermoso |
proud |
prouder |
proudest |
orgulloso, soberbio, digno |
pure |
purer |
purest |
puro |
quick |
quicker |
quickest |
rápido |
quiet |
quieter |
quietest |
tranquillo, silencioso |
rare |
rarer |
rarest |
raro |
raw |
rawer |
rawest |
crudo, agrietado |
rich |
richer |
richest |
rico, abundante |
ripe |
riper |
ripest |
maduro, curado |
risky |
riskier |
riskiest |
arriesgado, peligroso |
roomy |
roomier |
roomiest |
espacioso |
rough |
rougher |
roughest |
áspero, tosco, bruto, ronco |
rude |
ruder |
rudest |
maleducado, grosero, tosco |
rusty |
rustier |
rustiest |
oxidado |
sad |
sadder |
saddest |
triste, lamentable, penoso |
safe |
safer |
safest |
seguro |
salty |
saltier |
saltiest |
salado |
sane |
saner |
sanest |
cuerdo, sensato |
scary |
scarier |
scariest |
espantoso, asustadizo |
shallow |
shallower |
shallowest |
superficial, poco profundo |
sharp |
sharper |
sharpest |
afilado, cerrado, agudo |
shiny |
shinier |
shiniest |
brillante, reluciente |
short |
shorter |
shortest |
corto, bajo, chaparro |
shy |
shyer |
shyest |
tímido |
silly |
sillier |
silliest |
tonto |
simple |
simpler |
simplest |
sencillo, simple, facíl |
sincere |
sincerer |
sincerest |
sincero, genuino |
skinny |
skinnier |
skinniest |
flaco |
sleepy |
sleepier |
sleepiest |
adormilado, soñoliento |
slim |
slimmer |
slimmest |
delgado, fino |
slimy |
slimier |
slimiest |
viscoso, pegajoso, empalagoso |
slow |
slower |
slowest |
lento |
small |
smaller |
smallest |
pequeño |
smart |
smarter |
smartest |
listo, inteligente, agudo |
smelly |
smellier |
smelliest |
apestoso |
smoky |
smokier |
smokiest |
humeante, ahumado |
smooth |
smoother |
smoothest |
liso, suave, llano, fluido |
soft |
softer |
softest |
blando, suave |
soon |
sooner |
soonest |
pronto |
sore |
sorer |
sorest |
dolorido |
sorry |
sorrier |
sorriest |
lamentable |
sour |
sourer |
sourest |
agrio, ácido |
spicy |
spicier |
spiciest |
picante, especiado, sazonado |
steep |
steeper |
steepest |
empinado, pronunciado |
stingy |
stingier |
stingiest |
tacaño, rácano, raquítico |
strange |
stranger |
strangest |
raro, extraño, desconocido |
strict |
stricter |
strictest |
estricto, rígido |
strong |
stronger |
strongest |
fuerte, sólido, intenso, marcado |
sunny |
sunnier |
sunniest |
soleado, radiante |
sweaty |
sweatier |
sweatiest |
sudoroso |
sweet |
sweeter |
sweetest |
dulce |
tall |
taller |
tallest |
alto |
tan |
tanner |
tannest |
bronceado, moreno |
tasty |
tastier |
tastiest |
rico, sabroso, apetitoso |
thick |
thicker |
thickest |
grueso, denso, espeso, poblado |
thin |
thinner |
thinnest |
delgado, fino |
thirsty |
thirstier |
thirstiest |
sediento |
tiny |
tinier |
tiniest |
diminuto, minúsculo |
tough |
tougher |
toughest |
fuerte, resistente, duro, difícil |
true |
truer |
truest |
cierto, verdadero, leal, fiel |
ugly |
uglier |
ugliest |
feo |
warm |
warmer |
warmest |
caliente, templado, cálido |
weak |
weaker |
weakest |
débil, flojo |
wealthy |
wealthier |
wealthiest |
rico, pudiente |
weird |
weirder |
weirdest |
raro, extraño |
wet |
wetter |
wettest |
mojado, húmedo, lluvioso |
wide |
wider |
widest |
ancho, amplio, extenso |
wild |
wilder |
wildest |
salvaje, silvestre, descontrolado |
windy |
windier |
windiest |
ventoso |
wise |
wiser |
wisest |
sabio, sensato, prudente |
worldly |
worldlier |
worldliest |
mundano, terreno |
worthy |
worthier |
worthiest |
virtuoso, digno |
young |
younger |
younges |
joven |